{"header":{"name":"uneclac cepalstat api","version":"2.0.0","success":true,"machine":"p2","context":"public","code":200,"message":"","timestamp":1792932530},"body":{"metadata":{"indicator_id":3289,"indicator_name":"Índice de Gini de concentración del ingreso","theme":"Estadísticas e Indicadores Sociales","area":"Distribución del ingreso","note":"ODS. Indicador adicional propuesto por CEPAL. Objetivo 1. Calculado a partir de la distribución del ingreso per cápita de las personas. Incluye las personas con ingreso igual a cero.","unit":"Índice","data_features":"Cálculo proveniente de encuestas de hogares","definition":"El coeficiente de Gini se utiliza para medir la distribución del ingreso. Es un índice que toma valores en el rango [0,1], donde el valor cero corresponde a la equidad absoluta y el uno a la inequidad absoluta","calculation_methodology":"

1.- Cálculo del indicador:

\r\n

El índice de Gini corresponde al área entre la curva de Lorenz y la línea de equidistribución. Se denota con G el índice de Gini, entonces:

\r\n\r\n
\r\n G = 1 - \r\n \r\n n\r\n ∑\r\n i=1\r\n \r\n [xi(2Yi - yi)]\r\n
\r\n\r\n

Donde:

\r\n\r\n

Los individuos deben estar ordenados de acuerdo a su ingreso de manera ascendente.

\r\n

Cabe destacar que existe una amplia gama de fórmulas disponibles para calcular el índice de Gini, ya que la curva de Lorenz no tiene una formulación algebraica explícita.

\r\n\r\n

2.- Aspectos metodológicos generales:

\r\n\r\n

Para el cálculo del índice de Gini –basado en el ordenamiento de las personas en función de su ingreso per cápita– se incluyeron a las personas con ingreso igual a cero.

\r\n\r\n

Limitaciones del indicador:

\r\n\r\n

El índice de Gini no cumple con dos propiedades deseables de los indicadores del grado de concentración de la distribución del ingreso: la descomposición aditiva y el principio de transferencia “fuerte”. Según la propiedad de la descomposición aditiva, la concentración del ingreso en una población debe ser igual a la suma ponderada de la desigualdad en todos los subgrupos que la conforman. Según el principio de la transferencia fuerte, ante una transferencia de ingreso de un hogar rico a un hogar pobre, la disminución en la desigualdad será más pronunciada a medida que aumente la distancia entre los ingresos de ambos hogares.

\r\n\r\n

Para mayor información sobre el índice de Gini, véase F. Medina, Consideraciones sobre el índice de Gini para medir la concentración del ingreso, Serie Estudios Estadísticos y Prospectivos, No. 9, CEPAL, Santiago de Chile, marzo de 2001.

\r\n","comments":"

Estas cifras corresponden a una serie actualizada de estimaciones, presentada en el documento CEPAL (2018), Medición de la pobreza por ingresos: Actualización metodológica y resultados. No son comparables con las cifras difundidas en las publicaciones de la CEPAL antes de 2017.

\r\n\r\n

Las cifras de pobreza estimadas por la CEPAL se calculan con el propósito de alcanzar el mayor grado de comparabilidad posible para diversos fines analíticos. Sus objetivos y usos son diferentes de los de las cifras nacionales, y en ningún caso buscan sustituirlas para describir los niveles y las tendencias de la pobreza en cada país.

\r\n\r\n

Banco de Datos de Encuestas de Hogares (BADEHOG):

\r\n\r\n

El Banco de Datos de Encuestas de Hogares (BADEHOG) es un repositorio de la CEPAL, conformado por un conjunto de encuestas de hogares levantadas por los países de América Latina y el Caribe desde la década de 1990. Estas encuestas son levantadas por las Oficinas Nacionales de Estadística u otros organismos públicos de los respectivos países, y comparten la característica de ser la fuente de información utilizada oficialmente para la medición de la pobreza, la desigualdad y diversos indicadores sociales. Dichas encuestas son compartidas con la CEPAL para su utilización en las actividades de desarrollo estadístico de la región, así como para la producción de documentos institucionales y de investigación. Con las bases de datos disponibles se construye un conjunto de variables armonizadas, utilizadas para el cálculo de indicadores socioeconómicos con la mayor comparabilidad posible.

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